2016年湖北学位英语时态复习四
湖北2016年学位英语时态复习四
现在完成时
a.现在完成时可表示过去发生的动作对现在所产生的影响,后面通常不用时间状语,但句中常出现already, just, yet等副词。如:
Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。
I've just finished reading the novel.我刚刚读完这本小说。
Have you seen the doctor yet? 你看过医生了吗?
注:already和yet用法上的区别
already常用于肯定句,置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句,常用于句末。但already有时也可用语疑问句中暗示惊讶的心情。
b.现在完成时也可表示从过去某时开始的动作,状态一直持续到现在,常和for, since引导的时间状语连用。
如:I have learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born.
注:
(1)for和since引导的时间状语的区别:for + 一段时间,since + 一点时间 从句(从句中常用一般过去时)。
(2)表示继续的现在完成时也可和lately, recently, so far, up to now, till now, in the past (last) few years…, this week (month, year…), all day, all this week等时间状语连用。
如:Tom has had a toothache all day.I haven't heard from him recently.
(3)现在完成时也可表示从过去到现在曾经经历过或做过的事情,常和often, ever, never, before, once, ...times等时间状语连用。如: .
I've never been to Beijing.我从没去过北京。He has read this book before.
难点释疑:
1.点动词与延续性动词的区别
所谓点动词是指含有终止或短暂意义的动词。如:begin, end, die, buy, borrow, come, arrive, join, marry等动词。它们通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
I have bought a book.我买了一本书。 .
I've had this book for three weeks.这本书我已经买了三星期了。
2.have got的含义
have got形式上是现在完成时,却和have是同一个意思
She has got a slight temperature. She has a slight temperature.她有点发烧。
3.用于现在完成时的句型
It is the first/second time…that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
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