2013年湖北高考英语复习：虚拟语气

来源：湖北自考网时间：2012-11-13

湖北
2013年高考英语复习：虚拟语气

难点形成原因：

　　1．学习过程太零碎，不系统。

　　2．分不清什么时候使用，怎么使用。

　　3．一些固定用法记不住。

　　解决办法：

　　虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。由于虚拟语气表达的是与事实相反的行为状态，其谓语动词的变化不同于陈述语气，这也是大家感到困惑和容易出错的地方。做此类题目时，关键要迅速发现解题信息词，确定虚拟语气类型，然后按各类虚拟语气的特定表达方式确定动词的形式。

　　用法讲解：

　　虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而仅是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。

　　1．条件从句中的虚拟语气

虚拟情况		条件从句谓语形式	主句谓语形式	典型例句
与现在的事实相反		did／were	would do	I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him. ? ?
与过去事实相反		had done	would have done	If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time. ? ?
与将来事实相反		did／were	would do	We would stay at home if it should rain tomorrow. If I were to do the examination I would do it some other way.
		were to do
		should do
混合虚拟	从句与过去事实相反主句与现在事实相反	had done	would do	It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I had not fallen in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002上海)

　　含蓄虚拟条件句

　　有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。通常的词或短语有：without"如果没有", but for "要不是", but that, otherwise, or, but等。

　　He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. (2001上海春季)

　　But for my classmates’ help, I would not have finished the work in time. (2004三级题)

　　Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth would not grow well. ( 2004三级题)

　　注意：在虚拟条件句中，若有动词were, should或had（+过去分词），可以省略if，且把这三个词放在主句之前，变成倒装句。如：

　　What would have happened, had Bob walked farther, as far as the riverbank? (2001上海)

　　Had I realized you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions. (1996三级题)

　　Had the weather been good, the children could have gone out for a walk. (2001三级题)

　　Had he taken the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. (2004三级题)

2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气

动词	虚拟情况	宾语从句谓语形式	典型例句
wish	与将来事实相反	would do	I wish I would go to the Mars one day.
	与现在的事实相反	did／were	How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden. (2002上海春季)
	与过去事实相反	had done	Peter wishes that he had studied law instead of literature when he was in college. (2000三级题)
would rather	与将来或现在事实相反	did ／were	– Do you mind if I keep pets in this building? -- I’d rather you didn’t, actually. (2000上海)
命令order , command 要求request, demand, insist 建议suggest, propose, recommend, advise		should do (should可以省略)	Who do you suggest be sent to work there? (2002上海)
had hoped“本来想要，本来希望”		would done	I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.

#p#分页标题#e#

　　注意：表命令、请求、建议的词order; request, demand, insist; suggest, propose, recommend, advise其表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句的谓语动词都要用should do的形式，should可以省略。但当insist表示 “坚持说”, suggest表示 “暗示,表明”时,不用虚拟语气。

　　The general's command was that the soldiers leave their fort and carry out more important tasks. (表语从句, 省略should, 2002三级题)

　　Her suggestion that everybody sing a song was not appreciated. (同位语从句, 省略should, 2001三级题)

　　She insisted that he was wrong. 她坚持说他错了。

　　His pale face suggests that he is in bad health. 他面色苍白，说明他身体不好。

3. 特殊句型中的虚拟语气

句型	虚拟情况	从句谓语形式	典型例句
if only引起的感叹句 “要是 ……就好了”	与现在或未来事实相反的愿望	would do／were	If only he were here! 要是他在这儿就好了。
if only引起的感叹句 “要是 ……就好了”	与过去事实相反的愿望	had done	Look at the trouble I am in! If only I had followed your advice. (2003上海春季)
It is (high/about) time sb. should do/ did…… “该是……的时候了” 注意：should不能省略			Let’s finish our homework in a few seconds. It’s time we played football. (04三级题)
It is (或was) + 形容词(或过去分词) + that……+should + 动词原形…… 常用的形容词：necessary, important,essential 常用的过去分词: (表命令、请求、建议的词) ordered, required , demanded , requested , desired suggested , recommended			It is necessary that we (should) have a walk now. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
as if和as though引起的虚拟语气	与现在事实相反	did/ were	When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. (NMET 1995)
as if和as though引起的虚拟语气	与过去事实相反	had done	You are talking as if you had seen them.