湖北学位英语复习资料：描写文的写作方法

湖北2014年学位英语复习资料：描写文的写作方法

1． 描写文

描写文就是用生动形象的语言，把人物的状态、动作或景物的性质、特征具体地描绘出来。描写的主要作用是：再现美丽的自然景色，描写人物的外貌和内心世界，交代人物活动的自然环境和社会环境。描写的对象有：人物描写、景物描写和场面描写。

1）常用的描写方法

（1）    速写：抓住描写对象的主要特征，简单几笔，勾勒出一个轮廓来。

（2）    细描：就是一笔一画地精雕细刻，像绘“工笔画”那样形象逼真的描述。

（3）    白描：不设喻，不用修饰的言词，朴实真切地描述出事物的特征。

（4）    间接描写：对某一事物不作直接描写，而是通过描写其他事物对它的印象、感受或者描写它在周围事物中所产生的反应，从侧面间接表现它的特征，这种方法也叫烘托法。

2）描写文的要领

（1）    要有明确的目的，不能为描写而描写。描写应从表现主题，刻画人物出发，切勿随心所欲地堆砌词藻。

（2）    要突出特点。描写要有重点，有特点，要少而精。有重点才能给人留下深刻印象；有特点，才能形象鲜明；少而精，才能简洁生动。

（3）    要抓住事物的特征。事物是千变万化的，要想逼真地描绘出它的形态、状貌、情景、就必须抓住其独具的特征。

The Seasons

The year is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.

In spring, nature awakens from her long winter sleep. The trees are filled with new life, the earth is warmed by the rays of the sun, and the weather gets gradually milder. The fields and medows are covered with fresh green grass. The woods and forests are filled with the songs of the birds. The sky is blue and cloudless. At night millions of stars shine in the darkness.

When summer comes, the weather gets warmer still and sometimes it’s verh hot. It’s the farmer’s busy season — he works in his fields from morning till night. The grass must be cut and the hay must be made, while the dry weather lasts. Sometimes the skies are overcast with heavy clouds. There are storms with thunder, lighting and hail.

Autumn brings with the harvest-time, when the crops are gathered in and the fruit is picked in the orchards. The days get shorter and the nights linger. The woods turns yellow and brown, leaves begin to fall from the trees, and the ground is covered with them. The skies are grey, and very often it rains.

When winter comes, we’re obliged to spend more time indoors because out of doors it’s cold. We may get fog, sleet and frost. Ponds, lakes, rivers and streams are frozen, and the roads are sometimes covered with slippery ice or deep snow. The trees are bare. Bitter north winds have stripped them of al their leaves.

这篇文章先提出所要描写的主题——四季，接着用具体的细节描绘了春夏秋冬。主题的发展是以自然规律春夏秋冬为序的。

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