2013年10月现代语言学自考试题

全国2013年10月现代语言学自考试题

选择题部分

注意事项：

1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。

I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2%10=20%)

1. According to Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide by.

A. language

B. langue

C. parole

D. competence

2. Vowels can be classified in terms of each of the following ways except _______.

A. position of the tongue

B. openness of the mouth

C. manner of articulation

D. shape of the lips

3. There are _______ morphemes in the word “frightening.”

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

4. A speaker’s knowledge of his/her native language which is internalized in the mind of the speaker is not a complete list of words and phrases, but _______ of grammatical knowledge.

A. a rule system

B. phrase structure rules

C. movement rules

D. transformational rules

5. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.

A. word

B. utterance

C. phrase

D. sentence

6. Speaker A: I’m out of petrol.

Speaker B: There’s a garage round the corner.

Speaker B is violating the maxim of _______.

A. quantity

B. quality

C. relation

D. manner

7. _______, vowels tend to be nasalized before nasal consonants because it is difficult to time the lowering of the velum to produce nasality with the consonant articulation.

A. Psychologically B. Sociologically

C. Culturally D. Physiologically

8. A typical example of a _______ community is an ethnic ghetto where most, if not all, of its inhabitants are either immigrants or children of immigrants.

A. diglossic

B. bilingual

C. pidginized

D. creolized

9. Which of the following mental functions is NOT under the control of the right hemisphere in most people?

A. Holistic reasoning.

B. Temporal ordering.

C. Visual and spatial skills.

D. Recognition of patterns.

10. Which of the following choices CANNOT be considered as individual learner factors affecting the acquisition of a second language?

A. Aptitude.

B. Motivation.

C. Interference.

D. Personality.

非选择题部分

注意事项：

用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%10=10%)

11. Cultural t refers to the fact that the details of the linguistic system must be learned anew by each speaker, and they are not simply biologically passed on from generation to generation.

12. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called s features, which are the phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence.

13. D affixes are added to an existing form to create a word. This is a very common way to create new words in English.

14. A c sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.

15. If we say “The baby is crying,” we must be talking about a certain baby crying in a certain situation; the word “baby” means a baby known to both the speaker and the hearer, which is the r of the word “baby” in this particular situation.

16. You can say “I swear he is the liar,” “I believe he is the liar,” or “I guess he is the liar.” All these utterances share the same i point of saying something the speaker believes to be true, but they obviously differ in the force of their statement.

17. In an a process, successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another in terms of place or manner of articulation, or of haplology.

18. In sociolinguistic studies, a pidginized dialect may expand and eventually become the native language of a certain population, which is known as c .

19. In general, brain damage or blood-clotting in one hemisphere may be accompanied by paralysis of the limbs on the o side of the body.

20. According to Stephen Krashen, a refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.

III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the Answer Sheet. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2%10=20%)

21. Speech and writing are the two major media of communication. In linguistic evolution, however, speech is prior to writing, therefore, the spoken language rather than the written should be given priority in modern linguistics.

22. There are two ways now available to transcribe speech sounds: broad transcription and narrow transcription, of which the really required and used by popular textbook and dictionary writers is the latter.

23. Compounds have different stress patterns from non-compounded word sequences. In general, the stress of a compound always falls on the second word, while the first word receives secondary stress.

24. Sentence is usually conceived as the largest unit of grammar. Normally, a sentence contains at least a subject and a finite verb or a verb phrase as its predicate.

25. The pair of words, “husband” and “wife,” are complementary antonyms.

26. According to John Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts, speech acts fall into five general categories, which are representatives, directives, commissives, expressives and declaratives.

27. Blending is a process of word formation, in which a new word is formed by combining parts of other words, for example, smog, e-mail, motel, hi-fi.

28. In view of language as an effective means of communication, no single dialect of a language, be it standard or nonstandard, is any more logical, or any more purer than any other dialect of the language.

29. The right ear advantage in dichotic listening research provides evidence in support of the view that language functions are lateralized primarily in the left hemisphere of the brain.

30. Children who grow up in cultures where caretaker speech is absent acquire their native language more slowly than children who are exposed to caretaker speech.

Ⅳ. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%10=30%)

31. diachronic study 32. vowels

33. root 34. syntax

35. argument 36. representatives

37. back-formation 38. speech community

39. Broca’s area 40. acculturation

V. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10%2=20%)

41. Draw a tree diagram of constituent structure for each of the following two sentences.

(1) A boy found the book.

(2) The guide suggested the tourists take a rest.

42.