2011年1月语言与文化自考试题

全国201 1年1月自考
语言与文化试题
课程代码：00838

I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)
1. Language is ________, which means that speech is primary while writing is secondary. (      )
A. arbitrary  B. dual
C. vocal  D. symbolic
2. In its narrow sense“________” is contrasted with other cultures. (      )
A. a language  B. a culture
C. a human behaviour  D. a thinking pattern
3. ________ meaning is what a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its
 use. (      )
A. Social  B. Reflected
C. Thematic  D. Conceptual
4. “Equalitarianism” is a ________word in English. (      )
A. new  B. negative
C. neutral  D. positive
5. In English ________morphemes are inflectional morphemes representing such categories as number, case, tense, etc. (      )
A. derivational  B. free
C. grammatical  D. bound
6. Onomatopoeic words are mainly used as nouns and verbs in (      ).
A. Chinese  B. English
C. both English and Chinese  D. neither English nor Chinese
7. Which of the following expressions can function as a way of greeting others? (      )
A. Who is calling?
B. How is everything?
C.I beg your pardon.  
D. Would you like to come to dinner next Saturday?
8. In English speaking culture,“ ________ ”is used when people need to pass in front of others. (      )
A. I am sorry.  B. Let me go, please.
C. Excuse me.  D. It’s OK.
9. _______ means the drawing of a general conclusion from a number of known facts. (      )
A. Deduction  B. Induction
C. Introduction  D. Production
10. “Romeo” is a/an ________ originated from Shakespeare’s play. (      )
A. proverb  B. idiom
C. allusion  D. simile
11. “My hands are as cold as ice” is an example of _______. (      )
A. similes  B. metaphors
C. proverbs  D. allusions
12. “He was __________ over his dismissal.” simply means “He was sad for his dismissal”. (      )
A. green  B. grey
C. pink  D. blue
13. In English culture, a praise is normally accepted with appreciation. So“______” might function roughly the same in English as “哪里”in Chinese. (      )
A. No.  B. It’s very kind of you to say so.
C. Where?  D. Not at all.
14. Which of the following topics is NOT a taboo in the conversation with a westerner? (      )
A. Personal income  B. Sports
C. Political views  D. Religious beliefs
15. Slums where the poor and the coloured races live may be referred to as ________ .(      )
A. downtown  B. uptown
C. ethnic neighbourhood  D. racial neighbourhood
16. —Are you going home?
 —Yes, I am.
 The above sentences exhibit ________. (      )
A. coherence  B. cohesion
C. paradox  D. coexistence
17. John didn’t go to Japan. Instead, he went to France.
 The logical relationship between the above sentences is (      ).
A. additive  B. adversative
C. causal  D. temporal
18. The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is the pronunciation of _________ in words. (      )
A. “r”  B. “a”
C. “wh”  D. “er”
19. “Chewing one’s finger nails” signifies ______. (      )
A. contempt  B. guilty
C.happiness  D. worry
20. The expression “to kick the bucket” means______. (      )
A. “to be angry”  B. “to go away”
C. “to die”  D. “to get out”

II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)
21. “The door locks easily. ” illustrates the fact that ______ in English. (      )
A. grammatical morphemes are still important
B. implicit passives are acceptable
C. nouns can be pluralized
D. verbs can be followed by adjectives
22. “Self-made man” is a positive expression in English because English culture emphasizes______. (      )
A. individualism  B. independence
C. privacy  D. aggression
23. “To be all thumbs” is synonymous to______. (      )
A. “to be clumsy”  B. “to be proud”
C. “to be good at doing something”  D. “to be bad at doing something”
24. It is safe to say that language is an instrument used in ______ of thought. (      )
A. communication  B. shaping
C. expression  D. generation
25. The examples of allusions from history are ______. (      )
A. a Trojan horse  B. Marathon
C. Waterloo  D. an Uncle Tom
26. Which of the following are examples of metaphorical expressions in daily conversations? (      )
A. Pop looked so unhappy, almost like a child who has lost his piece of candy.
B. What he said left a bad taste in my mouth.
C. He is a father of modern biology.
D. Here is an idea that I’d like to plant in your mind.
27. Honorifics are very often used to show ______ to one’s interlocutors no matter whether they are of higher social status. (      )
A. contempt  B. respect
C. politeness  D. jealousy
28. Which of the following are related to the speaking style? (      )
A. Frozen  B. Formal
C. Casual  D. Intimate
29. Which of the following English brand names are coinages? (      )
A. Trane  B. Playtex
C. Pierre  D. Cartan
30. Body language includes such meaning representing devices as (      ).
A. artifacts  B. gestures
C. dress  D. facial expressions

Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)
31. The statement “Languages differ not so much as to what can be said in them, but rather as to what it is relatively easy to say in them.” shows that language influences________.
32. The kinship terms “brother”, “sister”, and others show that ________of the relatives of the same generation is often ignored in English.
33. English is more ________than Chinese as far as the connection between language elements within or beyond sentences is concerned.
34. In English speaking culture, it is ________for a male English speaker to compliment on females on their good looks.
35. “To hit and run” is an allusion related to________.
36. Sometimes English people will tell a white ________, when they feel it is merely more convenient or polite than telling the truth.
37. ________are pl