英语科技文选试题_全国2008年7月自考试卷

全国自考2008年7月英语科技文选试题

湖北自考网11月14日整理
课程代码：00836
PART A：VOCABULARY
I．Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary. (8%)
1．consciously  意识 1．______________
2．variant  不变量 2．______________
3．guarantee 保证人 3．______________
4．play 相互作用 4．______________
5．scan 扫描仪 5．______________
6．diversify 变化；不同之处 6．______________
7．nourished 营养不良的 7．______________
8．rhythm 有节奏地 8．______________
II．Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form. (12%)

 
after all expose to contribute to a spectrum of in relation to response to   
run for emanate from in comparison a shower of delve into shake up (with) 

9．More people than ever before are _________ the city council.
10．The whole world today is so much _________ the word “biotechnology” that it has become a strong belief that this is “the field” which will give solution to our “any” problem.
11．The money he had been ordered to pay was minimal _________ his salary.
12．The law was passed by the town council in_________ complaints from local residents.
13．He should do well at college; _________, he is a very smart boy.
14．Pollution _________ these sites and the movement of diseases across ecosystems have turned some environments off aquaculture.
15．_________, photographs are recorded images of the intensity of ordinary, incoherent light.
16．Everyone on the team _________ winning the game last Saturday.
17．There’s _________ opinion on this question.
18．A0620-00 was discovered in 1975, when it emitted _________ light and X rays.
19．Kate _________ new ideas when she went to college.
20．Mary said she was tired of journalists’ digging and _________ her private life.
III. Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below. (10%)
true　to　called　contain　exclusively　animals　live　diet　fit　eat
A carnivore is an animal that eats a diet consisting mainly of meat, whether it comes from
   21   animals or dead ones (scavenging). Some   22   are considered carnivores even if their diets   23   very little meat (e.g., predatory arthropods such as spiders or mantids that may rarely consume small vertebrate prey). Animals that subsist on a   24   consisting only of meat are referred to as obligate carnivores. The word also refers   25   the mammals of the Order Carnivora, many (but not all) of which   26   the first definition. Bears are an example of members of Carnivora that are not   27   carnivores. Carnivores that   28   insects primarily or exclusively are   29   insectivores, while those that eat fish primarily or   30   are called piscivores.
PART B：TRANSLATION
IV．Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below. (10%)
cater for 　　analytical 　　draw on 　　do justice to sth./sb. 　　arbitrary
31．她要做的事太多，因此没有好好上课。
32．他没有跟别人商量就随意决定关闭这个剧场。
33．一种化学分析方法被用来鉴定这种物质。
34．我希望新建的实验中心能适应你们的特殊要求。
35．作者运用自己的想象力和经验写成了这部巨著。
V．Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. (15%)
36．The prediction process is aided by the fact that the artificial is generally simpler than the natural. The role of a bowling ball down an alley, for instance, is easier to predict than the motion of an irregular stone tumbling down a rough hillside. It is likely that the artificial will increasingly save us from the unpredictable. It may be easier to move gradually toward a completely enclosed earth whose climate could be artificially controlled than to learn to predict the natural weather.
PART C: READING COMPREHENSION
VI．Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)
(A)
The transition from apes to humans may have been partially triggered by the need to stand on two legs, in order to safely carry heavier babies. This theory of species evolution presented by Lia Amaral from the University of São Paulo in Brazil has just been published.
For safety, all nonhuman primates carry their young clinging to their fur from birth, and species survival depends on it. The carrying pattern changes as the infant grows. Newborns are carried clinging to their mother’s stomach, often with additional support. Months later, infants are carried over the adult body usually on the mother’s back, and this carrying pattern lasts for years in apes. However, this necessity to carry infants safely imposes limits on the weight of the infants.
Through a detailed mechanical analysis of how different types of apes-gibbons, orangutans and gorillas-carry their young, looking at the properties of ape hair, infant grip, adult hair density and carrying position, Amaral demonstrates a relationship between infant weight, hair friction and body angle which ensures ape infants are carried safely.
Amaral also shows how the usual pattern of primate carrying heavy infants is incompatible with bipedalism. African apes have to persist with knuckle-walking on all fours, or “quadruped” position, in order to stop their young from slipping off their backs.
The author goes on to suggest that the fall in body hair in primates could have brought on bipedality as a necessary consequence, through the strong selective pressure of safe infant carrying, as infants were no longer able to cling to their mother’s body hairs. In the author’s opinion, safe carrying of heavy infants justified the emergence of the biped form of movement. Although an adult gorilla is much heavier than an adult human, its offspring is only half the weight of a human baby.
Amaral concludes that this evolution to bipedality has important consequences for the female of the species. Indeed, it frees the arms and hands of males and juveniles, but females have their arms and hands occupied with their young. This restriction of movement placed limits on food gathering for biped females carrying their infants, and may have been at the origin of group cooperation.
37．What is the passage mainly concerned with?(　　　)
A. The transition from apes to humans.
B. Bipedality and safe carrying of heavy infants.
C. The ape infant carrying pattern.
D. The theory of species evolution.
38．According to Amaral, what is responsible for safe ape infant carrying?(　　　)
A. Infant weight.
B. Adult weight.
C. The biped form of movement.
D. Infant hair density.
39．What probably remains unchanged as the ape infant grows?(　　　)
A. When it is carried, it clings to its mother’s stomach.
B. It is carried on its mother’s back.
C. It has to learn to stand on two legs.
D. When it is carried, it holds tightly its mother’s body hairs.
40．All of the following could account for bipedality EXCEPT _______. (　　　)
A. safe carrying of heavy infants
B. the fall in body hair
C. the weight of the infant
D. the weight of the adult
41．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?(　　　)
A. Primates must be two-footed so as to safely carry their heavy infants.
B. Ape evolution to humans is somewhat attributed to the need to stand on two legs.
C. Group cooperation among biped species was probably due to the fact the females carrying their infants in arms had difficulty in