自学考试“高级英语”复习指导（七）

　　三、英译中：考核学生对难句的理解。

　　考核学生对难句的理解。

　　难句翻译应遵循的主要步骤如下：

　　1. 先判断句子结构，确定该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；

　　2. 如果是简单句，找出关键词：主谓宾或主系表；

　　3. 如果是并列句、复合句，找出各从句间的关系；

　　4. 分清从句层次，理清修饰成份之间的关系；

　　5. 区分各从句内的关键词；

　　6. 根据汉语习惯，写出译文；

　　7. 略作润色，使译文通顺；

　　8. 检查校对，拾遗补漏。

　　如遇到生词可采取下列办法来力图解决：

　　Guess Translation

　　1. 定义（ definition）

　　通过上下文给出的定义，考生可以将某些生词的意思猜测出来。使定义与被定义的内

　　容之间建立起关系的词有： put it in another way，mean，in other words，that is，or，namely

　　等等。

　　2. 重述（restatement）

　　所谓重述是指作者用另外的词，短语或句子将前面已述及的内容再重述一下。据重述

　　内容，考生可将前面内容中的生词的意思猜测出来。

　　3. 举例（examples）

　　从such as，like，for example，for instance，等词后所列举的例子以及所表示的前后同

　　位关系可以猜测出一些单词的词意。

　　4. 对比（contrast）

　　从表示对立或相反的信号词可以判断某些词语内容前后意思对立或相反。根据这一点，

　　考生可以从其中一个词猜测出另外一个词的意思。

　　Word-formation

　　1. Depression can be treated by medication and psychotherapy. Ironically， antidepressants can have drowsiness as a side effect. （Reader‘s Digest Jan. 1996）

　　Psychotherapy（psycho + therapy）： 心理疗法；精神疗法； antidepressants （anti + depress + ant）： n.[医]抗抑郁剂， 抗抑郁病药

　　2. More recently he introduced himself into the debate on welfare reform by insisting that unwed motherhood， not joblessness， was the key problem.

　　Unwed （un + wed ）： 没有结婚的，未婚的

　　Definition

　　1. As truck drivers have found， that can be dangerous， leading to microsleeps——brief periods， lasting one to ten seconds， when you‘re snoozing even though your eyes are open. （Reader’s Digest Jan. 1996）

　　microsleep： 短暂的昏睡（尤指失去正常睡眠者的阵发性昏睡， 通常仅持续1至10秒钟）

　　2. A dune is a hill of loose sand heaped by the sand； a glacier is a field of ice formed from compacted snow.

　　Dune ： 沙丘； glacier冰河；冰川

　　Synonyms

　　1. Our uncle was roamer， an incurable wanderer who never could stay in one place.

　　Roamer = wanderer ： 流浪者， 漂泊者

　　2. Only last week the bank had discovered nearly a thousand dollars in counterfeit bills， source unknown. Their estimate was that thirty million dollars of bogus money had been produced the previous year. England and Canada were major supply sources of spurious US currency.

　　Counterfeit bills = bogus money = spurious US currency： 伪钞

　　Antonym

　　1. Her moods seem to go from one extreme to the other—— from deepest apathy to unlimited enthusiasm.

　　Apathy：冷淡；漠不关心——enthusiasm：热心；热情

　　2. He may be dexterous at football， but he is very clumsy on the dance floor.

　　Dexterous：灵巧的（手）；敏捷的 ——clumsy：行动笨拙的；手脚不灵活的

　　3. Unlike her gregarious sister， Jane is a shy， unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make friends.

　　Gregarious：爱群居的；爱社交的——unsociable：不善交际的； 孤僻的

　　Contrast

　　1. His son fell into ignominy because of his betrayal， whereas his daughter gained fame because of her heroism in defying the enemy.

　　Ignominy：无耻行为， 堕落行为，——fame：名声， 声望， 名气

　　2. Most dentists‘ offices are drab places， but Emilio’s new office is a bright cheerful place.

　　Drab：单调， 乏味， 无生气——bright：明亮的， 辉煌的， 欢快的

　　Explanation

　　1. It‘s just one more incredible result of the development of micro-processors——those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as silicon chip.

　　Micro-processors = tiny parts of a computer = silicon chip： 硅片

　　2. Mary felt perturbed； that is， she was greatly disturbed by her sister‘s actions.

　　Perturbed = disturbed：使心烦意乱；扰乱；使混乱

　　3. The floors were washed， the furniture oiled and polished， and the curtains freshly laundered； the whole house was in immaculate condition for the holidays.

　　Immaculate（。完美的） condition——the summary of the above

　　4. Henry field displayed his versatility in many ways： he was not only a novelist， he was also a dramatist， an essayist， and a political pamphleteer； he managed a theater and edited four newspapers； he was a learned authority on the law， an exceptionally able and efficient magistrate.

　　Versatility：多功能性——many different skills

　　Context and situation

　　1. In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing sou‘westers， the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.

　　Sou‘wester ：一种后沿较宽可护颈之防水帽= southwester = long raincoat

　　2. Mozart gave his first public recital at the age of six. By the age of thirteen he had written symphonies and an operetta. He is justly called a child prodigy.

　　Prodigy：天才（特指神童） = gifted child

　　3. We‘ve discovered that there are two main types of human beings： “racehorses”， who thrive on stress and are happy only with a vigorous， fast-paced life-style， and “turtles”， who require peace， quiet and a generally tranquil environment.

　　Racehorse： 赛马型的人

　　Turtles： 海龟型的人

　　例如2001年的考题：

　　Read the following passage carefully and translate the following sentences

　　The Birth of Computing： The Forgotten Father Figure

　　1） It seems curious that Charles Babbage is remembered today as the grandfather of computing， for Babbage never completed a single one of his clunky mechanical calculating machines， and his work was largely forgotten after his death in 1871. It was only with the construction of the first electronic computers in the 1940s， by people who were unaware of Babbage‘s work， that the groundbreaking nature of that work became apparent. Had Babbage never lived， in other words， the rise of the computer would have happened anyway. That is because today’s computers owe their ancestry not to Babbage but to the work of another 19th-century pioneer， Hermann Hollerith.

　　2） In contrast to Babbage， who wanted to automate the business of mathematical calculation， Hollerith was interested the field of date processing. Babbage intended his elaborate“calculating engines”to be used by scientists， in much the same way that specialist supercomputers are today. The particular application he had in mind was the production of error-free mathematical and astronomical tables. Hollerith， on the other hand， made his name building machines to handle an enormous data-processing task： the analysis of the results of the United States‘ census.

　　3） When the first American census took place in 1790， tabulating the date it collected took nine months. As the country‘s population grew larger， however， and the number of questions asked in each census increased， a problem of delay gradually emerged. The results of the 1880 census took seven years to compile—making them out of date by the time they were published.

　　4） This was unsatisfactory because， for example， seats in the House of Representatives were （and are） assigned according to census data. It became apparent that a new way would have to be found to compile the results of the 1890 census， in order to keep up with rapid demographic changes. Indeed， without a new approach the 1900 census would already have been under way by the time the 1890 results became available.