自考“英语翻译”完整技巧篇（10）

　　2.加名词：在汉语中，及物和不及物动词的区别不是很明显，有时所谓及物动词后面的宾语如果上下文中能够看的出，往往可以省略不说；而英语则不然。由于英语对及物动词和不及物动词的区别很明显，因此翻译成汉语时则很麻烦。特别是一些不及物动词必须带上它后面的宾语句子意思才能显得完整。因此，我们在翻译时往往就需要增补。

　　a. Make a schedule or chart of you time and fill in committed time such as eating ，playing ， meetings ， classes， etc. （作一个时间表，然后，将吃饭、睡觉、开会、上课等等的时间填上。）

　　b. It was two hours before the old couple mustered up enough courage to get up and called the police and they explained that they‘d done that after much deliberation.（直到两个小时以后，那对老夫妻才有勇气敢从床上爬起来给警察打电话，并解释说那也是经过仔细考虑才敢作的。）

　　c.这见事据说是一个组织严密团伙干的。

　　（The operation is believed to be the work of a well-organized organized group. ）

　　d.我是为友谊和求学而来。

　　（I came here in the spirit of friendship and learning. ）

　　有时形容词前面也可以加上名词：e. His wife thinks that this furniture is too expensive and ， moreover looks very ugly.（他妻子认为，这件家具价格昂贵而且外表难看。）

　　f. I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.（然后，我继续装着对这种事情很内行的样子，结果更使他们认定我是一个名声很坏的人。）

　　有时，一些名词或者数量词的复数形式翻译成汉语后前面也要加词表示重叠：g. Thousands of students from the city‘s colleges and universities jammed the railway station awaiting the arrival of their football team. （成千上万的高校学生一起涌到火车站欢迎他们的足球队凯旋。

　　h. These she bought the medical supplies with the large sums of money given to her by many friends to help her in the Crimea （她用朋友们给她的一笔笔钱购买医疗设备。）

　　i. To look after the hordes of sick men there were only a few old doctor who were helpless before such scene of suffering and misery. （只有这些老医生来照看一群群的伤员，他们在如此的痛苦、悲伤面前，显得无可奈何。

　　3.加代词：这里的代词主要是指作动词宾语的代词，因为英语中的所有及物动词都必须带有宾语，所以汉语翻译成英语时也需要增补：a. If you like this novel ， I can lend it to you.（如果你喜欢这本小说，我可以借给你。）

　　b. I think she‘d appreciate it if we all helped out a bit more.（我觉得如果我们能帮她一把，她回很感激的。）

　　c. Would you please look for the key once more？ I remembered clearly putting it in the drawer last time. （能不能再找一遍钥匙？我记得上次放在抽屉里了。）

　　4.加连词和介词：汉语可以通过上下文来连接句与句之间的逻辑关系，而英语则靠一些连接词来完成：a. If you want to go， I would give you my advice that you take an umbrella.（你要去，我建议你别忘了带把伞。）

　　b. Since its opening five years ago ， the shop has attracted a lot of customers.（这家商店五年前开业以来，吸引了大批顾客。）

　　c. Since the beginning of this century， more and more scientists have become interested in the way the human brain works. （本世纪以来，越来越多的科学家已经开始对人脑活动的方式感兴趣。）

　　d. His friends asked him to write them as soon as he got there. （他的朋友要他到了那儿就给他们写信。）

　　e. He went so far as to cheat openly on test. （他居然敢公开作弊。）

　　f. The factory has decided to mass-produce the equipment at a low cost. （这家工厂已经决定低成本、大批量的生产这种仪器。）

　　g. Why was he absent from school yesterday？

　　（他昨天为什么不上学？）

　　h. The older leader gave us the suggestion that we be free from arrogance and rashness.（老领导告戒我们要戒骄戒躁。）

　　i. This ， he said， deprived him of his civil rights ， and he asked for $150，000 in damages. （他说，这等于是剥夺了他的公民权力，因此申请$150，000 的赔偿。）

　　j. His marriage suffered and ended in divorce.（他的婚姻也受到影响，最后还是离了婚。）

　　k. After a few rounds of talks， both sides regarded the territory dispute as settled.（几轮会谈以后，双方认为边界问题可以解决了。）

　　l. As her year as chief resident drew to a close， Mrs. White decided to specialize in children ‘s diseases. （在她作住院总医师要结束时，怀特太太决定专攻病理。）

　　5.下面的一些句子则是为了修辞目的而加词：a. He was sentenced as much as six months in jail for drunk driving.（他因酗酒驾驶而被判入狱半年。）

　　b. As many as twenty people were killed in the accident yesterday.（二十个人在昨天的事故当中丧生。）

　　c. I came here as early as eight o‘clock this morning. （我今天八点钟就来了。）

　　6 . 在某些作定语的不定式结构中，介词有时需要加上：a. I‘d like to find someone to play with （我想找人玩。）

　　b. Would you please pass me a piece of paper to write on. （你能否递张纸给我，我想写点东西。）