南京师范大学04年4月英语二资料3

　　「习题一」

　　本题共有三段短文，每段短文后面有三至四道题，共计十道小题。每道小题都有四个选择项。找出你认为正确的答案。

　　Passage 1

　　Whenever art has function， the function influences and often determines the form. This is just another way of stating the obvious fact that if an object is made for a certain function it should be made in such a way that it can perform that function. As the function changes， the form changes， and if there are many function there will be man forms. Take an object of every day use such as a spoon. There are spoons for babies and spoons for adults， spoons for cooking， spoons for eating， spoons for serving， deep spoons and shallow spoons， spoons with long handles and spoons with short handles. Even a rather small household will have a variety of spoons because there are a variety of functions to be served by them.

　　Door keys offer another interesting example. Keys are now carried by many individuals， and one person often has to carry more than one； accordingly keys are small. But when gates and doors were in the charge of special persons whose responsibility was to watch or guard them， keys were large and massive； they were in fact a visible symbol of the power and importance of the place to the locked.

　　1） If an object is made for a certain function， （     ）。

　　A. it should have a suitable form    B. it should have a variety of forms

　　C. its form should not be defined    D. its form should have nothing to do with function

　　2） Because people carry more than one key， （     ）。

　　A. form becomes important        B. size becomes important

　　C. function becomes important     D. quality becomes important

　　3） The author refers to spoons and keys because he wants （     ）。

　　A. to show that they are not art        B. to tell us how to use them properly

　　C. to give us examples of exceptions   D. to illustrate his discussion

　　4） In the past large keys were made so that they could （     ）。

　　A. not fit into all locks    B. not easily be lost    C. look more artificial    D. symbolize some authority

　　Passage 2

　　Generations of North Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one of life‘s essentials. Having breakfast at the start of the day， they have all been told，is as necessary as refueling（加油） the family car before starting a trip.

　　But for many people the thought of taking breakfast in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts， they still have no breakfast. Between 1987 and 1993， the latest years for which figures are available，the number of people who didn‘t have breakfast increased by 33 percent from 8.8 million to 11.7 million according to the Chicago-based Market Research Center of America.

　　For those who feel guilty， about no having breakfast， there is some good news. Several studies in the past few years indicate that， for adults especially， there might be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not negatively affect performance，” said Arnold Bender of Queen Elizabeth College in London， “neither does having breakfast improve performance；”

　　Scientific evidence connecting breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate， and most of the research work that has been done recently involves children， not adults. “The literature is poor，” says one of the researchers.

　　5） Many North Americans do not have breakfast （     ）。

　　A. because they believe that breakfast was not important

　　B. though they think of breakfast as important

　　C. unless they can afford the time and the money

　　D. because they did not get up early enough to do so

　　6） The passage suggests that there might be nothing to worry about if （     ）。

　　A. adults do not have breakfast

　　B. children do not have breakfast

　　C. North Americans have changed their attitudes towards breakfast

　　D. North Americans continue to think breakfast is important

　　7） We can infer from the passage that the author （     ）。

　　A. thinks it necessary to do more research work no adults

　　B. thinks it necessary to do more research work on children

　　C. believes that it makes no difference whether people have breakfast or not

　　D. believes that North Americans should change their attitudes to breakfast

　　Passage 3

　　Of all the patients who are at risk of dying， some 20 percent present difficult choices – whether to keep frying to save the life or to pull back and left the patients die.

　　Even the definition of death had been changed. Now that the heart-lung machine can take over the function of breathing and pumping the blood， death no longer always comes when the patient breathes his last or when the heart stops beating. Thirty-one states and Washington D.C. have passed brain-death laws that identify death as when the whole brain ceases to function.

　　More than a dozen states recognize “living wills” in which the patients leave instructions to doctors not to try to prolong their lives by any methods if their illness becomes hopeless. Twenty to thirty percent of California doctors follow the instructions of such wills. In the meantime， the movement which places emphasis on providing comfort-not-cure to the dying patient had gained strength in many areas.

　　In spite of progress in society‘s understanding of death and dying， problems remain.

　　On the other hand， doctors say that patients， just because they are old and disabled， should not be denied lifesaving efforts. People also fear that under the guise of （假借……的名义）medical decisions not to treat certain patients， death may become too easy.

　　8） Those patients （     ） are now generally regarded as dead in the U.S.

　　A. whose heart has stopped functioning

　　B. whose lungs have stopped functioning

　　C. whose brain has stopped functioning

　　D. whose heart and lungs have stopped functioning

　　9） If the patients leave “living wills”to doctors，the doctors（     ）。

　　A. will let them die

　　B. have to follow them

　　C. may or may not follow their instructions

　　D. will continue to try to cure them

　　10） We can infer from the passage that （     ）。

　　A. people understand death differently

　　B. people fully understand death

　　C. people are no longer afraid of death

　　D. people are afraid of death

　　「习题一答案及分析」

　　1）A

　　见本文第1段第2、3句。这两句告诉我们，一件东西如果是为某一功能制造的，它的形状应便于实施这一功能，功能改变了，形状也要变。

　　2）B

　　见第2段第2句。它告诉我们，由于人们常常要随身携带好几把钥匙，为了方便，钥匙的尺寸就做得小一些。

　　3）D

　　本文谈到spoons时，作者说Take an object of every day use…，这里take作“以……为例”解；谈到keys时，作者又说door keys offer an other interesting example.可见作者是拿它们作为例子来印证自己的观点的。

　　4）D

　　本文中最后一句……they were in fact a visible symbol of the power and importance of the place to be locked.

　　5）B

　　本文第1段说好几