2004年7月全国高等教育自学考试英语科技文选试题

　　1. requisite 先决条件 1.______

　　2. cast 预报 2.______

　　3. system 系统化 3.______

　　4. strength 加强 4.______

　　5. sense 感觉的 5.______

　　6. poison 有毒的 6.______

　　7. mathematics 元数学 7.______

　　8. cluster 超星系团 8.______

　　9. conductor 半导体 9.______

　　10. media 多媒体 10.______

　　Ⅱ。Directions： Fill in the blanks， each using one of the given words and phrases below in its proper form.（10%）

　　allot show up alternative bear out inject with end up

　　have a bearing on be familiar with bump into what‘s more

　　11. Eventually we shall be able to “humanize” animals by ______ them ______ human genes for transplantation purposes， so that their organs will become compatible with the body of the person receiving the transplant.

　　12. These insights were later ______ by the observations made by Gregor Mendel in the second half of the nineteenth century.

　　13. Men are from Mars， women from Venus.______， women do phonological processing with both their right and left inferior frontal gyri.

　　14. Such a book would be by no means academic， but would ______ wide ______ the general history of thought and ideas.

　　15. Every day， however， we ______ phenomena that may well be unknowable but that we do not recognize as such.

　　16. Anyone who needs to understand how various substances interact， or how they change when conditions change， has to ______ some of the fundamental principles of chemistry.

　　17. Defects ______ as variations from the perfect model because they produce an interference pattern.

　　18. The group leader ______ a special task to each person.

　　19. But FM-RI is more precise than other techniques—which is how she and her husband ______ discovering sex differences in phonological processing， or letter-to-sound conversion.

　　20. It takes time to develop ______ energy sources.

　　Ⅲ。Directions： Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below.（20%）

　　how that such these consumption

　　high better another help combine

　　as identify advanced certain knowledge

　　reliable increasingly of further under

　　A noteworthy advance in agricultural technology will be expert computer systems that

　　21 knowledge from many disciplines to help guide farmers‘ action. Several 22 “decision support systems” are now 23 development to aid farmers with soil management. Most

　　24 are systems for handling phosphorus deficiency and 25 acidity， but others are in the offing. 26 computer applications not only present an expert analysis 27 what is known and the effect a 28 management approach might produce， but they also can 29 key gaps in knowledge that might be addressed by 30 data collection.

　　The strength of expert systems is 31 they can combine scientific principles with indigenous farming 32 A weakness is that they may not provide 33 answers for situations that evolve rapidly. 34 approach， involving numerical simulations， can

　　35 deal with continuously changing effects such as weather. The aim 36 is to integrate expert systems and simulation models. 37 this goal is accomplished， farmers will

　　38 use computer-based tools to 39 control pests， reduce water 40 and manage many different kinds of crops.

　　21.__________ 22.__________

　　23.__________ 24.__________

　　25.__________ 26.__________

　　27.__________ 28.__________

　　29.__________ 30.__________

　　31.__________ 32.__________

　　33.__________ 34.__________

　　35.__________ 36.__________

　　37.__________ 38.__________

　　39.__________ 40.__________

　　Ⅳ。Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， each using one of the given words or phrases below.（10%）

　　in common be regarded as bump into

　　afford untanglebe incompatible

　　41. 在许多情况下，接受器官移植的身体对移植器官有排他性。

　　42. 这两个朋友有许多共同之处。

　　43. 解开缠绕的电线花了他很长时间。

　　44. 心理学是生物科学的一个分支。他研究人的心理状态、心理过程等现象。

　　45. 这个国家难以舍弃这些受过良好教育的专业人才。

　　Ⅴ。Directions： Translate the following paragraph（s） into Chinese.（15%）

　　46.Cyberspace，of course， is bigger than a telephone call. It encompasses the millions of personal computers connected by modems—via the telephone system—to commercial online services， as well as the millions more with high-speed links to local area networks， office E-mail systems and the Internet. It includes the rapidly expanding wireless services： microwave towers that carry great quantities of cellular phone and data traffic； communications satellites strung like beads in geosynchronous orbit； low-flying satellites that will soon crisscross the globe like angry bees， connecting folks too far-flung or too much on the go to be tethered by wires. Someday even our television sets may be part of cyberspace， transformed into interactive “teleputers” by so-called full-service networks like the ones several cable-TV companies（including Time Warner） are building along the old cable lines， using fiber optics and high-speed switches.

　　Ⅵ。Directions：Read through the following passages and choose the best answer marked A，B，C or D.（20%）

　　There are two main things that make aircraft engineering difficult； the need to make every component as reliable as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible. The fact that an aeroplane is up in the air and cannot stop if anything goes wrong， makes it perhaps a matter of life or death that its performance is absolutely dependable.

　　Given a certain power of engine， and consequently a certain fuel consumption， there is a practical limit to the total weight of aircraft that can be made to fly. Out of that weight as much as possible is wanted for fuel， radio navigational instruments， passenger seats， or freight room， and， of course， the passengers or freight themselves. So the structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as safety and efficiency will allow. The designer must calculate the normal load that each part will bear. This specialist is called the ‘stress man’。 He takes account of any unusual stress that may be put on the part as a precaution against errors in manufacture， acciedental damage， etc.

　　The stress man‘s calculations go to the designer of the part， and he must make it as strong as the stress man says if necessary. One or two samples are always tested to prove that they are as strong as the designer intended. Each separate part is tested， then a whole assembly， for example， a complete wing， and finally the whole aeroplane. When a new type of aeroplane is being made， normally only one of the first three made will be flown. Two will be destroyed on the ground in structural tests. The third one will be tested in the air.

　　Two kinds of ground strength tests are carried out. The first is to find the resistance to loading of the wings， tail， etc. until they reach their maximum load and collapse. The other test is for fatigue strength. Relatively small loads are applied thousands of times. Each may be well under what the structure could stand as a single load， but many repetitions can result in collapse. One from of this test is done on the passenger cabin.

　　It is filled with air at high pressure as for high-altitude flying and completely submerged in a large tank of water while the test is going